Hugo Riemann was one of the most important musicologists of all time. Read why in this detailed biography.

Tempo is a significant factor in music. It is more influential in shaping the effect of a piece of music than almost any other aspect. In this article, you will learn everything about tempo in music, step by step. By the end, you will be able to understand any tempo indication.

What does dynamics mean in music? Dynamics describes the volume in music. It indicates how loud or soft a passage in a piece of music should be played. In the following, I explain dynamics in music as well as the most important dynamic indications. You will read a definition of dynamics in music, hear audio examples and get a PDF Cheat Sheet.

What does articulation mean in music? Articulation describes two things: first, how a tone is formed, second, how several tones are joined together. Below is a more detailed explanation of articulation in music, an overview of the main types of articulation with matching audio examples (and a cheat sheet!), and answers to the most important questions about articulation in music.

In music, there are many ways to indicate dynamics and articulation. Over time, however, some terms have become established and are used over and over again. Discover here 39 different dynamic and articulation terms in the four musical languages: Italian, English, German and French.

In music, there are many ways to indicate a tempo. Over time, however, some tempo markings have become established and are used over and over again. Discover 67 different tempo markings in the four musical languages Italian, English, German and French here.

Softer - but how? In music, there are many ways to do this: lessing, yielding, extinguishing, decreasing to nothing. Discover here 24 different ways to say "softer" in music - in four languages.

Louder - but how? In music, there are many ways to do this: increasing, compressing, unfolding, wakening. Discover here 12 different ways to say "louder" in music - in four languages.

Parlando is the rap of classical music. It is a vocal technique that stands between singing and speaking and is not so easy to do. This style is especially popular in opera. Read here what parlando is and how you can recognize it.

Slow down - but how? In music, there are many ways to do this: calming, delaying, dying, stretching. Discover here 30 different ways to say "slower" in music - in four languages.